化学合成碱基对及其DNA结构性能研究新进展

NEW DEVELOPMENTS OF CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED BASE PAIRS AND THE STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES IN DNA DUPLEX

DNA是储存和传递遗传信息的主要物质基础,是生物遗传和生命进化的"中心".碱基是DNA分子中最重要的"官能团",在基因遗传信息的传递中起着主导作用.化学合成碱基对扩充了遗传信息字母表,提高了遗传密码的多样性,受到了化学以及生物学界的广泛关注.本文综述了近几年有关化学合成碱基及其DNA结构性能的研究进展.首先介绍了化学合成碱基对的设计合成策略,分别概述了含有亲水性碱基对、疏水性碱基对的研究进展,重点对荧光碱基及其DNA链结构和生物学性能的研究进展进行了论述,最后对化学合成碱基在生物学领域的应用及发展前景进行了展望.

DNA is the molecular basis for storing and transmitting genetic information, and the ＂ center＂ of biological inheritance and life evolution. As the most important ＂functional groups＂ in DNA molecules, bases play a leading role in the transmission of genetic information in living organisms. The emergence of chemically synthesized base pairs has expanded the genetic information alphabet and improved the diversity of the genetic code. Therefore, it has received extensive attention from chemical and biological fields. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the study of chemically synthesized bases and the structural properties in DNA duplex. We first introduce the design and synthesis strategies of chemically synthesized base pairs, and summarize the developments of hydrophilic and hydrophobic base pairs, respectively, focusing on our recent study for structural and biological properties of fluorescent bases and their DNA duplex. Finally, the applications of chemically synthesized bases in biology are prospected.