日粮中添加新型酿酒酵母培养物对樱桃谷鸭生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

Effects of dietary novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capability and immune function of White Pekin ducks

试验旨在探究日粮中添加新型酿酒酵母培养物对樱桃谷鸭生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。选取660只健康且体重相近的1日龄樱桃谷鸭,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复22只。Ⅰ组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加2.5%和5.0%新型酿酒酵母培养物底物(培养基),Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组分别在基础日粮中添加2.5%和5.0%新型酿酒酵母培养物,试验期为42 d。结果表明:(1)各组樱桃谷鸭的平均日采食量和平均日增重均差异不显著(P>0.05)。1~21 d,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和Ⅴ组樱桃谷鸭的料重比极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),但Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)Ⅱ~Ⅴ组樱桃谷鸭血清丙二醛(MDA)的含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组樱桃谷鸭血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的含量极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),但Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。(3)Ⅳ组樱桃谷鸭的胸腺指数极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和Ⅴ组(P<0.01),但Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组无显著差异(P>0.05);Ⅳ组樱桃谷鸭血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)的含量极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和Ⅴ组(P<0.01),但Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组差异不显著(P>0.05);Ⅳ组樱桃谷鸭血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)的含量显著高于Ⅱ组和Ⅴ组(P<0.05)。由此可知,日粮中添加2.5%新型酿酒酵母培养物可显著提高樱桃谷鸭的免疫功能和抗氧化能力,进而调节其生长性能,而添加2.5%和5.0%新型酿酒酵母培养物底物对樱桃谷鸭的胸腺指数无显著影响,但极显著提高了1~21 d樱桃谷鸭的料重比;5.0%新型酿酒酵母培养物组樱桃谷鸭的胸腺指数、血清IgM和IgA的含量均显著低于2.5%新型酿酒酵母培养物组。因此,樱桃谷鸭日粮中新型酿酒酵母培养物的适宜添加量为2.5%。

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary novel Saeeharomyces cerevisiae culture supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capability and immune function of White Pekin ducks. A total of 660 one-day-old healthy White Pekin ducks with similar body weight were randomly divided into 5 groups （group I , group II, group m, group IV and group V） with 6 replicates per group and 22 ducks per replicate. The White Pekin ducks in group I were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, whereas the White Pekin ducks in groups II and m were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2.5% and 5.0% novel Saeeharomyces cerevisiae culture substrates （media）, the White Pekin ducks in groups IV and V were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2.5% and 5.0% novel Saeeharomyees eerevisiae culture, respectively. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows： （1） diets supplemented with novel Saeeharomyces eerevisiae culture substrates and novel Saeeharomyees eerevisiae culture had no significant effects on the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of White Pekin ducks （P〉0.05）. The feed/gain of White Pekin ducks aged 1 to 21 days in groups II, III and V was significantly higher than that in group I （P〈0.01）, while there was no significant difference between groups I and IV （P〉0.05）. （2） The levels of serum malonaldehyde （MDA） in groups II, III, IV and V were significantly lower than those in group I （P〈0.05）. The levels of serum total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） in groups m, IV and g were significantly higher than those in group I （P〈0.01）, while there was no significant difference between groups I and II （P〉0.05）. （3） The thymus index in group IV was significantly higher than that in groups I , II, III and V （P〈0.01）, while there was no significant difference in groups I, II and III （P〉O.05）. The levels of serum immunoglobulin M （IgM） in group IV were significantly higher than those in groups I , II, III and V （P〈0.01）, while there was no significant difference between groups I and II （P〉0.05）. The levels of serum immunoglobulin A （IgA） in group IV were significantly higher than those in groups II and V （P〈0.05）. In conclusion, the diet supplemented with 2.5% novel Saeeharomyees eerevisiae culture can improve the immune function and antioxidant capacity, and then regulate the growth performance of White Pekin ducks. However, diets supplemented with 2.5% and 5.0% novel Saeeharomyees eerevisiae culture substrates have no significant effects on the thymus index of White Pekin ducks. And diets supplemented with 2.5% and 5.0% novel Saeeharomyees eerevisiae culture substrates significantly increase the feed/gain of White Pekin ducks aged 1 to 21 days. The thymus index and the contents of serum IgM and IgA in 5.0% novel Saeeharomyees eerevisiae culture group were significantly lower than those in 2.5% novel Saeeharomyees eerevisiae culture group. The results suggest that the recommended supplementation of novel Saeeharomyees eerevisiae culture in the diet of White Pekin ducks is 2.5%.