上访治理:农民抗争的“伸冤模式”解析

Revitalization of Rural Areas and Governance of Petitions:Analysis of the “Redressing of Grievance”Mode of Farmers

农民上访存在一种本土化的"伸冤模式"解释框架。上访者通过冤民身份的发明,试图消解国家与政府权威的话语网络,并建构起一种混同性的诉冤话语体系。在伸冤型上访中,上访者以家庭伦理式的私人道德逻辑支配和控制自身的行为与话语,按照一种拟家庭化的套路和边缘化的策略,能动性地运用道德、法律、舆论等多种资源或手段与基层政府及其代理人持续抗争,最终达成利益赎买型妥协。这妥协是"私了化"的交易而非"法治化"的裁决,容易造成基层权力的污名化,成为推进乡村有效治理的重大隐患。

There is a localized interpretation framework of ＂redressing of grievance＂ mode for farmers to petition. Through the invention of the identity of the wronged, the petitioners tried to dispel the discourse network of the state and government authority, and constructed a mixed discourse system. In the petition of redressing grievance, the petitioners use their personal ethical logic to dominate and control their own behaviors and discourses ; according to a strategy of family-based routines and marginalization, they can actively utilize various resources and methods such as morality, law, public opinion, etc. to continuously argue with the local government and its representatives, and finally reach a compronfise of interest redemption. This compronfise is a ＂private＂ transaction rather than a ＂rule of law＂ judgement, which easily leads to the stigma of grassroots power and becomes a major hidden danger in promoling rural revitalization and achieving effective governance.