山川异域,风月同天——从东亚佛教视角看知礼与源信的天台佛学问答

The Interlocution Between Zhi Li and Yuan Xin on Tiantai School's Buddhist Philosophy Viewed from East Asia Buddhism

从日僧源信与宋僧知礼关于天台教义的二十七条问答中可以看出,源信对天台教典有细致钻研,但由于汉语非其母语,有过于拘泥文字的缺陷。知礼主张在解读典籍时取融会贯通之道,反映出中国佛教学者的一贯诠释立场。源信尤其重视成佛的修行问题,对天台教义的把握侧重解脱论层面,对佛、净土、《起信论》问题也有所关注,体现出日僧对净土的信仰与对《起信论》的重视,亦可见知礼在根本教义层面对天台教义与《起信论》的融通诠释,反映出北宋初期中日天台宗发展轨迹的异同及其互动。

From the twenty-seven interlocutions on the teachings of Tiantai Sect’s Buddhism between Japanese monk Yuan Xin and Song Dynasty monk Zhi Li, we can see that, though Yuan Xin has a detailed study of Tiantai scriptures, his interpretations are confined to the literal meaning of the teachings because of his mother tongue being Japanese. Zhi Li, however, advocates comprehension by harmonizing and circulation which is consistent with interpreting tradition of Chinese Buddhist scholars. Yuan Xin pays particular attention to the practices in becoming a Buddha and emphasizes on extrication. He also pays much attention to the Buddha, the earth and the Awakening of Faith which reflects the emphasis of Japanese monks on the belief of pure land and on the Awakening of Faith. This reflects the similarities, differences and the interaction in the developments of Tiantai Sect between China and Japan in the early Northern Song Dynasty.