马克思主义、世界历史与中国历史

Marxism,World History and Chinese History

马克思逝世以后,对马克思理论的诠释和实践呈现出一个多元化的局面。马克思思想的架构本身也有一个发展历程。1845年,马克思的思想经历了一个"范式转型",即从人道主义哲学批判,转到对人类社会的结构及其历史发展规律的探究。马克思理论旅行到中国时,正值中国"救亡图存"之际,因此它作为一个有可能使中国扬弃当时的发展困境的新的意识形态而受到关注。郭沫若等中国学者首先尝试把马克思五种生产方式更迭的历史发展模式用于解释中国。在这个过程中,出现了宏观理论与具体场景相协调问题。论文对马克思的"奴隶制"和"亚细亚生产方式"的概念以及中国的历史现实进行了对比探究。论文认为,从跨文化和比较思想史的角度对马克思理论的各种释义和与之相联系的实践经验进行再认识,是当代马克思主义研究的一个重要领域。

After the death of Marx,the way of interpretation and practice of Marx’s theory diversified.Marx’s thought itself also has a development process.In 1845,Marx’s intellectual inquiry had a"paradigm shift",from the humanitarian philosophical critique to the exploration of the structure of human society and its historical development.When Marx’s theory traveled to China,it was at the time when China was searching a way to"avoid be perished under foreign aggressions",so it drew attention as a new ideology that might enable China to get out of the development dilemma of the time.Guo Moruo and other Chinese scholars first tried to understand Chinese history via Marx’s theory of the succession of five productive mode.In this process,there has been a problem of coordination between macro theory and specific scenarios.This essay attempts to clarify Marx’s concepts of"slavery"and"Asiatic mode of production"and the historical reality of China.The thesis holds that re-recognizing the various interpretations of Marx’s theory and the practical experience associated with it from the perspective of cross-cultural and comparative intellectual history is an important field of contemporary Marxism.