《诗序》之争与汉宋之学——清初学术转型背景下的《诗序》研究

The Studies of Shi Xu Under the Context of Academic Transformation in the Early Qing Dynasty

清代初期的《诗序》研究以宋、元、明以来的《诗序》尊废之争为历史与逻辑起点,以学术范式上由宋学向汉学的转型为学术与思想平台,体现出儒家诗学研究与经学研究、诗学思想与学术思想之间的密切关联性。在清初学术转型的背景下,这种关联性一方面表现为《诗序》研究中的汉学与宋学兼采的整体特征,另一方面又表现为《诗序》研究中汉学与宋学消长的动态过程。清代学者所谓的汉学与宋学有三种含义,即历史的汉学与宋学、范式的汉学与宋学、政治的汉学与宋学。清代学者对汉宋之学的不同理解和使用,使这一时期的《诗序》研究表现出一些新的内在趋势与特征,如确立求古义的解经立场、追求超文本的阐释原则、争取反专制的话语自由,最终导向的则是汉学范式的逐步建立和《诗序》地位的不断提升。

The studies of Shi Xuin the early Qing dynasty took the debates on whether to uphold or cancel Shi Xu since the Song,Yuan and Ming dynasties as the historical and logical starting point,and took the transformation from the Song school to the Han school as its academic and conceptual platform,which exhibits the close connections between the studies of poetics and classics,the thoughts of poetics and academy of Confucianism.Under the context of academic transformation in the early Qing dynasty,these connections integrated the Han school and the Song school,on the one hand,it is a dynamic interaction of the Song school and the Han school in the studies of Shi Xu,on the other hand.The scholars in the Qing dynasty studied the Han and Song schools from the perspectives of history,paradigm and politics.The different understandings of the scholars in the Qing dynasty reflected the new trends and characteristics of this period,such as the interpretation of classics from the angle of ancient meanings,the principle of beyond texts,speech freedom against dictatorship.As such,the paradigm of the Han school of learning was gradually established,and the status of Shi Xu was increasingly promoted.