由《乾嘉诗坛点将录》看舒位的诗学观

Shu Wei's Views on Poetics from the Perspective of the Comments on the Poets in the Periods of Qianlong and Jiaqing

"诗坛点将录"是清代诗坛比较盛行的批评方式。舒位的《乾嘉诗坛点将录》中也使用了点将的方法,寓庄于谐,随笔所至,不主故常,将乾嘉时期的诗人进行了品评排列。本文以《乾嘉诗坛点将录》为切入点,从其中的赞语及位次着手,对舒位的诗学观进行研究,最后得出舒位以性灵派为尊。舒位把《水浒传》中的英雄诨号与《乾嘉诗坛点将录》中的诗人相互联系,体现了小说文化与文学批评的互动关系,反映了文学批评的发展趋势。

Making use of the named generals to criticize the poets was a widespread way of literary criticism in the Qing dynasty.Shu Wei commented on the poets in the periods of Qianlong and Jiaqing in the same way in his Comments on the Poets in the Periods of Qianlong and Jiaqing（Comments）,which reflected his views on poetics.Starting from compliments and orders in the Comments,this paper studies Shu Wei＇s views on poetics,and concludes that Shu Wei respected the school of Xin Ling.Shu Wei connected the nicknames of heroes of the Water Margin with the poets in the Comments,reflected the interaction between fictions and literary criticism,and the trends of literary criticism.The development process from fiction to literary criticism provided an opportunity for the appearance and development of the Comments.