也谈睡虎地秦简“夜草为灰”

Revisiting the “Yecaoweihui” of Shuihudi Bamboo Strip Manuscripts of Qin Dynasty

睡虎地秦简《秦律十八种·田律》有辞作"夜草为灰",其中"夜"的释读一直聚讼纷纭,莫衷一是。张家山汉简律文及居延新简中皆有辞作"燔草为灰","夜"应与"燔"所表之义相同或相近。推敲辞例,诸家之说中,将"夜"读为"炙"或"爇"的两种释法,最为有可能性。"炙"与"夜"虽古音较近,有通假之可能,但从词义搭配来看,二字的用法并不相同。清华简《皇曰》中出现了一个从火月声的"热"字新字形,作、,由于战国文字里"火"字竖笔上往往加上一横,加上一横的"火"与"亦"的写法极为接近,因此这种从火月声的"热"极容易讹为"夜"。睡虎地秦简中所谓"夜"很可能就是从火月声的"热"的异体,其结构应分析为从火月声,在简文读为"爇"。秦人转写战国时期的律文"草为灰"时,已经不识"",故将其误抄为"夜"。

There is a sentence in the Eighteen Kinds of Qin Laws written by Shuihudi Bamboo Strip Manuscripts of Qin Dynasty ：“Yeeaoweihui.” among which the interpretation of “ye （夜）” has been controversial. Zhang Jiashan＇s Han Bamboo Slips and Juyan＇s New Bamboo Slips both have the words “Fancaoweihui”, the“ye（夜）”should have the same or similar meaning as “Fan（燔）”. Deliberate on context, it is most likely to read “ye（夜）” as “zhi（炙）” or “ruo （爇）”. Although the ancient sounds of “zhi（炙）”and“ ye（夜）”are close, but the usage of “ ye（夜）”and“ zhi （炙） ”is different from each other in terms of meaning and collocation. In Huang Yue of Tsinghua bamboo slips there appeared a new style of“re （热）” which consists of “huo（ 火）” and “yue （月）”, which pronunciation derived from the “yue（月 ）”. As the vertical strokes of the word “huo（火）” in the Warring States Period are often marked with a horizontal line.This writing of ＂huo（火）＂ very similar for “yi（亦）” , so it can easily be mistaken for “yue（月 ）”.The “ye（夜）” in the Shuihudi Bamboo Strip Manuscripts of Qin Dynasty is probably a variant of “re（热）” which consists of “huo （火）” and “yue （月）”,it can be read for “ruo （爇）”.When the Qin people wrote the law of “[灭月]草为灰”, they had not recognized “[灭月]”, and mistakenly written it as “ye（夜）”.