北宋《吕氏乡约》的乡村治理思想及当代启示

The Rural Governance Thought of Lv Convention in the Northern Song Dynasty and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

《吕氏乡约》是学界公认的中国历史上第一部成文乡约,其内容包含"德业相劝、过失相规、礼俗相交、患难相恤"4个方面,同时还规定了违约的惩罚措施、组织的日常活动及领导管理方式,对当代农村社会治理具有重要启示。《吕氏乡约》强调道德教化,以礼教作为乡村治理的思想基础;主张赏罚分明,以明确的惩罚规约作为乡村治理的制度基础;宣扬守望相助,打造乡村治理的社会关系基础;明确组织形式,构建乡村治理的组织基础。这些朴素的乡村治理思想提醒当前农村社会治理中应将道德规范教育与基层组织建设相结合,将乡村骨干力量与基层民众力量相结合,将乡村社会制度治理与关系治理相结合。

Lv Convention, which contained four facts and stipulated the punitive measures, the daily routines and the management style of the organization, is the first written convention in the history of China. It has important enlightenment on the contemporary rural governance by emphasizing the moralization and making the Confucianism as the thought foundation, by advocating Consequence Management and making the clear rules of punishment as the foundation of institution, by calling for Neighborhood Watch to forge the foundation of social relationship, and by ensuring the organization form to construct the foundation of organization. From all of the above, we should give consideration to both moral education and primary organization construction, combining the power of rural elites and grassroots, improving the rural social system and rural social network.