日中性草莓品种主要经济性状评价

Determination and Analysis of Major Economic Traits of Day-neutral Strawberry Cultivars

【目的】对6个日中性草莓品种开展主要经济性状测定与分析,为育种亲本选配和生产上品种选择提供性状信息。【方法】2个自育品种(‘秋怡’和‘秋香’)穴盘苗和4个美国品种(‘Monterey’,‘Portola’,‘Albion’和‘San Andreas’)裸根苗于2015年10月7日定植,深沟高畦双行定值,植株通过滴灌获得全营养肥。植株于次年3月初开始开花,鲜果从5月初开始采收至12月中旬止。期间对各品种夏季花量(单株花序数、单花序花朵数和单株花朵数)、果实产量(果实总产量,商品果产量,小果产量,畸形果产量及果数)、果实硬度、果实表面颜色和果实糖酸含量等经济指标进行测定。【结果】各主要经济指标在品种间存在显著的差异,不同的基因型是造成性状差异的主要原因; 2个自育品种商品果产量达到美国品种的产量水平,可溶性糖含量高,有机酸含量低,但果实硬度低,适宜作为鲜食品种育种亲本和鲜食栽培; 4个美国品种普遍有机酸含量和果实硬度高,适宜作为加工品种育种亲本和加工用栽培。【结论】该研究为育种者育种亲本选配和生产上品种选择提供了有益的性状信息。

【Objective】The objective of this study is to determinate and analyze the major economic traits of 6 Day-neutral strawberry cultivars in major production area in Central Yunnan.【Method】The plants of 2 domestic cultivars（＇Qiuyi＇and＇Qiuxiang＇） and 4 U.S.cultivars（＇Monterey＇,＇Portola＇,＇Albion＇and＇San Andreas＇）were planted in 2 lines on each of soil beds with deep furrows on Oct.7 th,and were applied complete nutrient solution during the whole experiment period.The plants started to flower on early March,2017 and fruits were harvested from early May to Middle December,2017.The magnitude of summer flowering（number of inflorescences,flower number per inflorescence and flower number per plant） were investigated.Fruits yield,fruit firmness,fruit surface color and the contents of soluble sugars and organic acids were also investigated.【Result】All investigated trait data were significantly different among cultivars and all these differences should be attributed to different genotypes.The marketable fruit yields of 2 domestic bred cultivars were almost at the same level of 4 U.S.cultivar yields,and these 2 cultivars possessed higher sugar contents,less organic acid contents and less firmness,which were suitable for direct eating and can be used as breeding germplasms for direct eating cultivars.The 4 U.S.cultivars possessed higher organic contents and higher firmness,which are suitable for processing and can be used as breeding germplasms for processing cultivars.【Conclusion】The results of this study provided helpful information for selection of crossing mates for breeders,and for cultivar adoption for farmer.