贵州主栽樱桃品种的花粉量及其低温保存效果

Pollen Yield and Low-Temperature Preservation of Guizhou Main Cherry Varieties

【目的】为比较贵州主栽樱桃品种花粉量及其花粉的保存方法,以期为杂交育种和授粉树的选择提供参考。【方法】以贵州主栽的2个中国樱桃及4个甜樱桃品种为材料,用纤维素酶解法测定其花粉量,花粉离体培养法测定比较了不同发育时期、干燥时间、保存温度及预冻解冻方式对花粉萌发率的影响。【结果】中国樱桃单花花粉量显著低于甜樱桃,且中国樱桃大花蕾期的花粉活力最高,随着保存时间的延长,花粉萌发率逐渐降低。采后1周内未经干燥的花粉,在4℃保存效果最佳,萌发率达50.98%,而-196℃保存花粉萌发率最低(27.11%),其原因可能是花粉含水量较高导致水分结晶而引起花粉结构破坏;长期保存以25℃干燥30 min后,保存在-196℃下效果最佳,保存16周后萌发率仍达11.14%;未经干燥的花粉,在-80℃保存后室温解冻30min效果最佳,萌发率达17.01%。【结论】人工授粉时应采集大花蕾期花粉,如需在采后1周内授粉,可将花粉保存于4℃;长期保存则应经25℃干燥30 min后保存于-196℃,室温解冻30 min,可达最佳效果。

【Objective】This paper aims to compare the pollen yield and pollen preservation methods of Guizhou main cherry varieties,thus to provide references for cross breeding and the selection of pollination cultivars.【Method】Two Chinese cherry cultivars and four sweet cherry cultivars were used as materials,and cellulose enzymolysis method was employed to measure the pollen yield.Also the pollen in vitro culture method was employed to compare the effects of development stages,drying time,storage temperature and pre-freeze and thaw method on pollen germination rate.【Result】Pollen yield per flower of Chinese cherry was significantly lower than that of sweet cherry.The pollen germination rate of the big buds was the highest.With the extension of storage time,pollen germination rate decreased gradually.The non-dried pollen within one week after harvest showed the best preservation effect at 4 ℃ with the germination rate of 50.98 %,while the lowest pollen germination rate at-196 ℃（27.11 %）,which probably was ascribed to the higher water content of pollen leading to pollen structure damage.The best method for long-term preservation of pollen was pretreatment in 25 ℃ for 30 minutes,then preserved at-196 ℃,the germination rate reached as high as 11.14 % after 16 weeks storage.Without drying,the pollens that stored at-80 ℃ and thawed for 30 minutes at room temperature expressed the highest germination rate（17.01 %）.【Conclusion】In artificial pollination the pollen should be collected during the big flower bud stage.If pollination within one week after harvest,the pollen can be stored at 4 ℃.However,if it needs long-term preservation,the pollen should be stored at-196 ℃ after drying at 25 ℃ for 30 minutes,and thawed at room temperature for 30 minutes.