颈动脉彩超检测粥样斑块对预防缺血性脑卒中的意义

The significance of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in the prevention of ischemic stroke

目的探讨颈动脉彩超检查粥样斑块对预防缺血性脑卒中(ischemic cerebral stroke,ICS)的临床意义。方法选取我院神经内科住院52例ICS患者设为脑卒中组,另选取同期体检健康者50例设为对照组。所有受检者均进行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检测,记录动脉粥样硬化斑块的数量、性质和部位。比较两组颈部动脉斑块(软斑、硬斑、混合斑)检出率、颈部动脉(左颈总动脉、右颈总动脉、左颈内动脉颅外段、右颈内动脉颅外段)内径。结果脑卒中组检测出粥样斑块96个,对照组24个;脑卒中组软斑、混合斑检出率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);脑卒中组左颈总动脉、右颈总动脉、左颈内动脉颅外段、右颈内动脉颅外段内径均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ICS患者早期斑块数量及性质与健康人存在较大差异,采用颈动脉彩超检查可准确提供斑块数量、斑块性质、血管狭窄等信息,早期评估斑块发生的危险因素,为临床尽早干预脑卒中发生风险及制定治疗措施提供有力的依据。

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of carotid artery color Doppler ultrasonography in the prevention of ischemic stroke（ischemic cerebral stroke,ICS）.Methods 52 inpatients in neurology department of our hospital were selected,ICS patients were divided into brain death group,and 50 healthy subjects were selected as control group.All the subjects underwent carotid color Doppler ultrasonography and recorded the number,nature and location of atherosclerotic plaques.The neck artery plaques（soft spot,hard spot and mixed spot）were detected in two groups.The diameter of the neck artery（left common carotid artery,right carotid artery,left extracranial internal carotid artery,extracranial part of right internal carotid artery）was measured.Results The stroke group detected plaque 96,control group 24;the detection rate of the stroke group soft plaque and mixed plaque were higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）;stroke left carotid artery and right common carotid artery and left internal carotid artery and right internal jugular extracranial artery diameter was less than the control group,the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）.Conclusion There are significant differences in the quantity and quality of early plaque in patients with ICS and healthy people,can provide the accurate number of patches and the plaque,stenosis and other information by using color Doppler ultrasound examination of carotid artery plaque,early assessment of risk factors for clinical early intervention,cerebral stroke risk and provide a strong basis for the development of therapeutic measures.