基于高温化学转化的废旧锂离子电池资源化技术

Recovery of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries Based on High Temperature Chemical Conversion

鉴于废旧锂离子电池的环境危害性和资源化价值的双重属性,对其进行无害化处理并对其中的有价资源进行回收再利用具有十分重要的意义。目前电池资源化技术主要通过高温或常温条件下的化学转化实现。高温条件下,废旧锂离子电池中有价元素化学转化速率快、回收流程短、物料适应性强,易于实现工业应用,相关技术成为废旧锂离子电池资源化研究热点之一。本文基于物相化学转化方式的差异,系统分析了高温化学还原、熔盐化学焙烧以及短程材料再生等方法的物理化学机理、技术特征及研究现状,并对比了不同技术的优势和存在的问题。在此基础上,提出今后高温化学转化方法实现废旧锂离子电池资源化研究中需要考虑材料的短程清洁循环再生、深入研究其化学转化机理。基于绿色化学原理的工艺设计开发出低能耗、环境友好的资源化工艺路线,真正实现废旧锂离子电池的绿色处理和循环利用。

Given the environmental risk and valuable metal containing nature of spent lithium-ion batteries, it is of great significance to harmlessly dispose of spent lithium-ion batteries and recycle the valuable resources therein. At present, the spent lithium-ion batteries recycling technology is realized mainly through enhanced chemical conversion under high temperature or normal temperature conditions. High temperature boosts the chemical conversion rate of valuable elements in the spent lithium-ion battery, results in a short flow and releases material dependence. Therefore, high temperature chemical conversion is easy to implement in industry, and the related technologies have become one of the hotspots for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries. Based on the chemical conversion differences of various phases, this study systematically analyzes and evaluates the physicochemical mechanisms, technical characteristics, and research status of high temperature chemical reduction, roasting with molten salt, and direct regeneration. The advantages and problems of various technologies are compared. Based on this, it is advised that the future research needs in-depth study of its chemical conversion mechanism and takes into account the short flow clean regeneration of materials. It is necessary to develop a low energy-consuming and environmentally-friendly approach to enable the green treatment and recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries based on the principle of green chemistry.