清代书院史籍藏贮初探

On the Collection of Historical Books in Academies of Classical Learning in the Qing Dynasty

史籍是清代书院藏书的重要组成部分。从发展趋势上看,清初到道光年间,书院史籍藏贮在官方颁赐活动的引领下稳步发展;咸丰年间战火不断,是书院史籍遭受厄运的时期;同光年间,书院史籍藏贮借助复兴文教的东风得以恢复和发展,储量超越前代,得到极大扩充。从藏贮史籍的特征上看,咸丰之前的省会书院和非省会书院、同光时期聚书成就卓著的书院和广大普通书院在藏籍的类型、构成比例等方面各具特点,反映了不同阶段、不同类型书院史籍藏贮的多样性。总体来说,清代书院史籍藏贮呈现不断进步的态势,这与清代书院历史教育地位的提高相辅相成,并为历史知识社会化程度的不断加深提供助力。

Historical book was an important branch of the collection in academies of classical learning in the Qing Dynasty. From the general trend,the collection of historical books in academies stimulated by the official awarding activities steadily developed from the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to the Daoguang Era. During the Xianfeng Era,the historical books in academies were badly destroyed for the wars. While during the Tongzhi and Guangxu Era,the collection of historical books in academies resumed and developed for the revival of culture and education,and it exceeded the collection in the previous generation. Prior to Xianfeng Era,collection of historical books in academies in provincial capitals and in other places and in the academies having rich libraries and normal academies all had their characteristics in the aspect of types of books,which reflected the diversity of collection of historical books in various kinds of academies. In general,the collection of historical books in academies in the Qing Dynasty made an unceasing progress which complemented the development of historical education,and it offered assistance for opening the historical knowledge to normal people.