摘要
Dear Editor,Because urine is not under homeostatic control, changes occur earlier in urine than in blood; therefore, urine is a better source of early and sensitive biomarkers. The composition of urine is affected by a variety of factors, and urine is susceptible to complex changes. To exclude the impact of multiple factors, an appropriate animal model can be used in which control over all experimental factors is possible and each factor can be separately observed. Additionally, some common confounding factors should be considered when choosing disease candidate biomarkers for clinical verification.
Dear Editor,Because urine is not under homeostatic control, changes occur earlier in urine than in blood; therefore, urine is a better source of early and sensitive biomarkers. The composition of urine is affected by a variety of factors, and urine is susceptible to complex changes. To exclude the impact of multiple factors, an appropriate animal model can be used in which control over all experimental factors is possible and each factor can be separately observed. Additionally, some common confounding factors should be considered when choosing disease candidate biomarkers for clinical verification.
基金
supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016 YFC 1306300)
National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB530805)
Beijing National Science Foundation (7173264, 7172076)
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2015KJJCB21)
Beijing Cooperative Construction Project (110651103)
Beijing Normal University (11100704)
