一阶RC电路的深度透视:概念、思想和方法

DEPTH PERSPECTIVE ON FIRST-ORDER RCCIRCUITS:CONCEPT,PRINCIPLE AND METHOD

电路课程教学中为了加深学生们对电容工作特性的理解并且能够高效正确地求解包含电容的电路问题,笔者以一阶RC电路为例对其中核心物理概念、电路基本定律以及电路分析方法之间的层次性、关联性和差异性进行了深度剖析。研究发现,学生们学习上的最大困扰植根于电容的伏安特性中所蕴含的电压变化率的认识误区以及基尔霍夫定律作为主要指导思想的认识不足。教师在教学过程中过多使用唯象的电容模型以及片面强调分析方法而忽视概念和思想的讲授是导致这种现象的根本原因。当前研究结果有利于科学组织电路课程教学,同时对其他课程教学也有指导意义。

In the circuit course teaching,we use the first-order RC circuit as an example to deeply analyze the hierarchy,relevance and difference between the physical concepts,the basic laws of the circuit and the circuit analysis methods in order to deepen the students＇understanding of the operating characteristics of the capacitor and to efficiently and correctly solve the circuit problem including the capacitor.It is found that the biggest obsessions with students deal with a deep rooted misconception that prevents real physical understanding of the rate of voltage change as well as the lack of knowledge of Kirchhoff＇s law as the main guiding ideology.Overuse of the phenomenal capacitance models and one-sided emphasis on analytical methods while ignoring the physical concept and main idea in teaching process are the root cause of this phenomenon.The current research is conducive to efficient organization of circuit courses teaching,which also has guiding significance to other courses.