基于KAISER模型的灾害脆弱性分析在医院应急管理中的实证研究

An empirical study of hazard vulnerability analysis based on Kaiser model in hospital emergency management

目的:通过开展灾害脆弱性分析,了解医院目前对突发事件的承受能力,确定医院需要优先应对的突发风险事件,提出加强医院应急管理的具体措施,指导医院应急管理质量持续改进。方法:根据凯撒模型(KAISER)的风险评估矩阵,结合医院实际情况制定医院灾害脆弱性分析调查表,调查表现场填写完成并回收。发放问卷110份,回收107份,回收率97.27%;有效问卷103份,有效率为96.26%。运用SAS,EXCEL等统计软件获得各危险事件的相对风险。结果:医院需要重点关注的突发事件依次是:信息系统故障(23.82%)、电力故障(16.67%)、内部火灾(16.65%)、供应短缺(16.16%)、流行病暴发(15.28%)。根据灾害脆弱性分析结果,制定医院各专项应急预案。结论:通过运用风险评估矩阵将医院实际情况与灾害医学和脆弱性分析三者有机结合,识别医院在运营过程中可能面对突发事件,发现需优先针对性应对的突发事件,明确突发事件会对医院正常运营造成影响,医院需针对脆弱性评估结果制定有针对性的预案来应对,以保障居民生命安全和地方民生稳定。

Objective： By using hazard vulnerability analysis（HVA） to find out the ability of hospital to deal with emergencies at present, to determine the emergency risk events of hospital facing and put forward the concrete measures to strengthen hospital emergency management, which can guide the continuous improvement of hospital emergency management. Methods： According to the risk assessment matrix of Kaiser model and the actual situation of the hospital, the hospital HVA questionnaire was developed. 110 questionnaires were provided, 107 copies were recovered, the recovery rate was 97.27%, and the valid questionnaire was 103 copies, the effective rate is 96.26%. The relative risk of each dangerous event is obtained by using SAS and EXCEL. Results： The following emergency events should be paid more attention to in the hospital： information system fault（23.82%）, electric power fault（16.67%）, internal fire（16.65%）, shortage of supply（16.16%）, epidemic outbreak（15.28%）. According to the results of HVA, the special emergency plan for each hospital should be formulated. Conclusion： By combining the disaster medicine, HVA and the actual situation of hospital to identify the risk assessment matrix the hospital may face, and to find the emergency events that need to be dealt with first. It is necessary for the hospital to make a targeted plan to deal with emergency events according the vulnerability assessment results because of the potential perniciousness of the emergency, which can guarantee the safety of residents and the stability of local people＇s livelihood.