博物馆:文化治理、视觉技术与主体性建构

Museums: An Integration of Cultural Governance,Visual Technology and Subjectivity Construction

受到米歇尔·福柯治理性研究的启发,文化研究者尝试对博物馆等公共文化机构参与国家治理的实践进行理论化。本文探讨博物馆的两段重要历史时期,分析博物馆如何作为国家治理组织发展自己的专业知识与技术。19世纪,现代博物馆汇入艺术、科学、考古等知识形成的网络,发展出观看艺术的视觉技术与文明化仪式,用以建构有道德的现代公民。20世纪末期,后工业城市启动文化更新,博物馆在文化和创意经济的要求下发生市场化转向。博物馆在运营管理、艺术收藏、展览、教育等知识与技术方面进行重组,以协调消费社会和信息社会要求的公民-消费者的双重身份。

Inspired by Michelle Foucault's study on governance,researchers in cultural fields theorize the practices of public cultural institutions such as museums in modern national governance. This paper explores two important historical periods of museum and analyzes how museums develop their own knowledge and technologies as the governmental organization. In the 19 th century,modern museum presented the visual technologies and civilized rituals by integrating art,science,archaeology to cultivate moral modern citizens. Since the initiation of the cultural renewal at the end of 20 th century by the post-industrial cities,museums turned to be market-oriented with the cultural and innovative demands. Museums have been reconstructed with the knowledge and technologies concerning the operation management,artistic collection,exhibition and education to coordinate the dual identities of‘citizen"and"consumer"in the consumption and information society.