基于双变量层级模型的中国义务教育公平测度研究

Research on the Fairness of China's Compulsory Education Based on Bivariate Hierarchy Model

通过建立双变量层级模型,运用Theil-T指数分析法实证考察2003—2014年全国义务教育的公平程度及其变化趋势,结果发现义务教育总体差距持续扩大;区域内差距持续上升,并成为主导义务教育非公平发展的主要因素;东部地区的义务教育生均预算内事业费支出水平长期高于其它地区,城乡内、城乡间差距亦最大;各区域农村内差距基本均高于城镇内差距。应从转移支付制度、经费统筹机制、城乡义务教育一体发展机制等方面实现义务教育的公平发展。

By setting up Bivariate Hierarchy Model and using the Theil index,this paper makes an empirical investigation into the fairness degree of China＇s compulsory education from 2003 to 2014 and its changing tendency.The results show： the overall gap continues to widen; the intraregional gap continues to rise and becomes the leading factor causing the unfair development of compulsory education; in the eastern region,the level of expenditure on operating expenses within per student budget remains higher than that of the other regions over a long time; the gaps within and between urban and rural areas are the largest; in each region,the gaps within rural areas are basically all higher than those within urban areas. The authors think we should focus on transferring payment system,funding mechanism and integrated development mechanism of urban and rural compulsory education to make the fair development of compulsory education come true.