中国水环境治理的成本-收益测度及影响因素分析

Cost-benefit measurement and influence factors of water environmental governance effects in China

选取中国大陆30个省(市、自治区)的2004—2015年相关统计数据,构建了水环境治理成本-收益的指标体系和综合指数,运用因子分析评价水环境治理效果及其区域差异,并进一步运用Tobit模型分析了区域差异的影响因素。中国水环境治理效果及区域差异分析表明:水环境治理效果相对较差,多数省份为低成本低收益型和高成本低收益型;水环境治理效果在省际、三大地带及六大地区间也存在明显的区域差异。影响因素分析发现水环境治理效果与经济发展水平、工业化规模、水环境治理力度和原生水环境均显著相关。为了进一步提高水环境治理效果,必须坚持绿色发展,加快工业产业的转型与升级,加大水环境治理力度,并重视原生水环境的生态影响力。

Based on statistic data from 2004 to 2015 of 30 provinces （municipalities and autonomous regions） in mainland of China, cost-benefit index system and comprehensive index of water environmental governance has been established. Water environmental governance effect was evaluated by model of factor analysis, meanwhile regional difference of water environmental governance effect and its influencing factors were analyzed by Tobit model. Re- sults of regional difference analyses of water environmental governance effect show that ： effect of water environment governance in China is relatively low. Most provinces are low cost and low profit or high cost and low profit. There are also significant regional differences in water environmental management effects among provinces, throe regions and six regions. As for influencing factors, the conclusion shows that effect of water environment management is sig- nificantly related to the level of economic development, scale of industrialization,intensity of water environment man- agement and primary water environment. In conclusion, in order to improve the effect of water environment govern- ance, we must insist on green development and speed up transformation and upgrading of the industry, intensity wa- ter environment management, attach great importance to the ecological influence of primary water environment.