民初中日冲突事件中的共同调查:以昌黎事件为例

A Joint Investigation of Sino-Japanese conflicts in Early Republic of China:a Case Study of the Changli Incident

昌黎事件发生于1913年(大正二)年9月11日,是驻守昌黎车站的中国巡警与日本驻屯昌黎守备兵之间发生的冲突事件。该事件造成中国方面以巡长为首五名巡警被日本守备兵枪杀的严重后果。事件发生后,中国提出中日两国关于事件的共同调查请求,日本虽然积极应对,但两国调查委员不仅关于事件的报告检讨未能达成一致意见,在现场调查、证人证言等方面双方意见也完全相左。关于调查的结果,双方仅仅在车站内斗殴、日本守备队采取了行动这两点上形成共识,其余决定性的事实仍然无解。究其原因,显然与日本陆军一贯的强硬态度不无关系,而更深层原因一方面是:日本陆军及民间右翼势力所制造出的国内对华强硬的舆论压力;另一方面则是,山本内阁成立后,追随政友会及第二次西园寺公望内阁的内政外交政策,在处理国内外问题上,被舆论及陆军势力所左右。

The Changli incident occurred on September 11th, 1913 between Chinese patrolmen in Changli station and Japanese garrison in Changli. In this incident, five Chinese patrolmen were killed by Japanese garrison soldiers. And then, China requested for a Sino-Japanese joint investigation on this incident. Although Japan responded actively, the members of the investigation committee from both parties didn’t reach an agreement on the report, the field investigation, and testimony of witnesses. Both parties just agreed that the fighting incident happened in the station and that the Japanese garrison was involved in it while other decisive facts were not mentioned. This, of course, results from the hardball played by Japanese army on this issue. However, the underlying reason is that Japanese army and right-wing forces brought a great pressure by making the public opinion of playing hardball on China and that Yamamoto administration, which followed Rikken Seiyukai and the second Saionji administration in domestic and foreign policies since it was established, was influenced by public opinions and Japanese army forces when handling domestic and foreign issues.