康德的自由概念诠解

An Interpretation of Kant's Concept of Freedom

康德把自由概念看作是其哲学体系特别是实践哲学的拱顶石。他在本体界贞定"先验的自由",同时又以此为基础考察人的自由在日常生活中的表现,而特别重视"任性的自由",也即"实践的自由",从而能够说明法权与外在行为自由的关系,以及德性的本质特征,并以此为基础考察人类文明的历史发展及其终极目标。

Kant regarded the concept of freedom as the crown stone of his philosophical system,especially his practical philosophy. He erected “transcendental freedom” in noumenon,based on which he investigated the embodiment of human freedom in daily life,and put an special emphasis on freedom of arbitration,i.e.,practical freedom. In doing so,he could explain the relation between legal rights and the freedom in external behaviors and the essence of virtues,based on which he could investigate the historical development of human civilization and its ultimate goal.