从子夏学诗看孔子究其“精微”的《诗》教思想

On Confucius' Poetry Teaching Thought of“Subtlety”Exploration from the Perspective of Zi Xia's Poetry Learning

据古代文献中散存的子夏学诗的记载,孔子运用"兴于诗"的方法,引导弟子积极兴发自己的精神、情绪,运用联想引申的运思方式,主动探求蕴藏在《诗》中精深的意蕴旨趣。只有秉持"悉心尽志"的态度,才能把握《诗》中微言大义的重要性。孔子运用断章取义的方法,根据"近之"的原则讲《诗》、释《诗》、论《诗》,使学生在审美愉悦中接受礼乐方面的道德教育,从而一步步地达到究其"精微"的境界的过程。孔子究其"精微"的《诗》教思想对历史悠久的《诗》学研究产生了巨大影响。

According to the records of Zi Xia’s poetry learning in ancient documents,Confucius,guided the disciples to actively promote their own spirits and emotions,by using the method of “flourishing in poetry”,and guided them to explore the elaborate and profound implication in Poetry by using the conception method of associating and expounding.Thus,only by holding an attitude of “exercising wholeheartedly” can one grasp the importance of “great profoundity contained in few words” in Poetry. Meanwhile,Confucius,by using the method of interpreting out of context,on the basis of “proximity”,explained,interpreted and commented on Poetry to guide his disciples to accept the moral education of rite-music in the aesthetic pleasure,so as to get to the state of “subtlety” exploration step by step.Confucius’ Poetry teaching thought of “subtlety”exploration has a great influence on the history of Poetry studies.