长江下游新石器时代遗址的空间分布特征

The Spatial Distribution Characteristics of the Neolithic Sites in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

基于泰森多边形、空间自相关及核密度估计等方法,研究了长江下游新石器时代遗址的空间分布规律及特征。结果表明:(1)不同文化遗址均呈现出聚集分布特征,但存在单核与多核的差异。马家浜文化遗址主要集聚在太湖的东、西部,以草鞋山、骆驼墩遗址群最为密集;崧泽文化遗址集聚于太湖东、东北部,以草鞋山遗址群最为密集;良渚文化遗址主要集聚在太湖南部、东部,以余杭—良渚遗址群最为密集;马桥文化遗址主要集聚在太湖东部和西南部,以上海西部的马桥、湖州—长兴、海宁—海盐一带的遗址群最为集中。马家浜至崧泽时期遗址呈多核心特征,崧泽至良渚时期遗址由多核变为单核,马桥时期遗址聚集区重现多核心特征。(2)随着气候、地貌、社会结构的演变,遗址密集区的分布趋势、连续性及密度相应变化。遗址密集区分布呈现出由太湖东、西部先向太湖东、南部,再向太湖南部,最后向太湖东、西南部发展的趋势。遗址聚集区的连续性和密度在马家浜、崧泽、良渚时期逐渐增强,而马桥时期遗址密集区的连续性和密度较良渚时期有所下降。研究结果对研究人地关系具有一定的参考借鉴意义。

Based on the methods of thiessen polygons, spatial autoeorrelation and nuclear density estimation, the spatial distribution and characteristics of Neolithic sites in tire lower reaches of tire Yangtze River was studied. Tire results showed that： （1） all different eultural sites showed agglomeration distribution eharaeteristies, but there were differenees between single eore and multi eore. Majiabang eultural sites were mainly distributed in the east and west of Taihu Lake. The Caoxie mountain and Luotuodun sites were the most densely. Songze eultural sites were elustered in the east and northeastern parts of Taihu Lake, with the most densest sites of Qingpu Songze and Caoxie mountain. Liangzhu cultural sites were mainly elustered in the southern and east of Tai Lake, and the Yuhang Liangzhu sites were most densest. Maqiao eultural sites were mainly eoneentrated in the east and southwest of Taihu Lake, the sites in the west of Shanghai, Huzhou Changxing, Haining-Haiyan are the most concentrated. During the period from Majiabang to Songze, the sites were characterized by multiple eores. The sites ehanged from the multi-nueleus to the single nucleus during the Songze to Liangzhu period. The sites of the Maqiao period reappeared multi eore features. （2） With the evolution of elimate, geomorphology and soeial strueture, the distribution of sites eoneentrated areas, eontinuity and density also showed the evolution. The distribution of the sites showed the trend from the east and west to the east and south of Taihu Lake, then to the south of Taihu Lake, and finally to the east and southwest of Taihu Lake. The eontinuity and density of the site gradually inereased from the periods of Majiabang, Song-ze and Liangzhu. However, the continuity and density of the sites in concentrated areas during the Maqiao period have declined compared with the Liangzhu period. This paper is of certain reference significance to the study of human land relations.