基于空间可达性的福州应急避难场所服务能力评价

Evaluation of the Service Capability of Fuzhou Emergency Shelter based on Spatial Accessibility

应急避难场所是近年来城市防震减灾规划建设的重点。以福州市三环路以内区域为研究区,引入规模影响系数,改进传统的潜能模型,并利用基于GIS的最小距离法和指标统计法等方法,评价了现有的应急避难场所服务能力。结果表明,研究区内应急避难场所空间分布不均衡,避难场所数量和规模均达不到现有人口的应急避灾需求;应急避难场所基础设施服务能力较为薄弱的地区主要为晋安区南部与东北部、仓山区大部和鼓楼区西北部。建议在仓山区东部等人口密度高的地区扩大单个应急避难场所的规模,在晋安区及仓山区南部等区域根据居民区的分布情况有重点地增加应急避难场所的数量,并完善各级道路网络,提高福州市应急避难场所的空间辐射能力。

The emergency shelter is the focus of the planning and construction of urban earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in recent years. Taking the area within the Third Ring Road of Fuzhou as the region of interest, the existing emergency shelter service capability ,was evaluated by using the minimum distance method based on GIS and index statistics while the scale effects ratio ,was introduced and the traditional potential model ,was improved. The study revealed that the spatial distribution of emergency shelters in the research area ,was uneven, and the number and the scale of refuge sites could not meet the needs of the existing population. The areas where the infrastructure facilities of emergency shelters ,were relatively weak were mainly distributed in the South and Northeast of Jin＇an District, the most of Cangshan District and the Northwest of Gulou District. In view of the above problems, it is suggested that the scale of single emergency shelter should be expanded in areas with high population density in the eastern part of Cangshan District. According to the distribution of residential areas in Jinan and Southern Cangshan areas, the number of emergency refuge places should increase in order of priority, and road networks at all levels should be completed to improve the space accommodating capacity of emergency refuge places in Fuzhou.