贵阳城市公园春季声景评价研究

Research on Soundscape Evaluation of Guiyang Urban Parks in Spring

声景是景观设计的一个重要部分,运用主观评价和客观测量对贵阳3个城市公园春季声景进行研究。研究发现:景观空间的声级在40dB^75dB之间分布;声级大小随时间呈抛物线变化,大致在14:00—16:00达到最高值;空间分布上,特色区域声级较高,植物观赏区、滨水区声级均保持在舒适范围内,广场几乎全天受到一定程度的噪声污染;游人来源、性别、年龄均会对声景主观评价产生影响,游人对自然声评价很高。最后指出3个城市公园存在人工声过于严重、缺乏其他声景要素的问题,并提出强化植物降噪功能、优化人工声、增加历史文化声等解决措施,以期为贵阳市公园的游人提供更高层次的精神需求,为今后城市公园声景营造提供一定的理论依据。

Soundscape is an important part of landscape design. This paper studied the soundscape of three urban parks in Guiyang in spring by subjective evaluation and objective measurement. The study found that the sound level of these parks distributed from 40dB to 75dB, which changed parabolically with time and reached the maximum value from 14：00 to 16：00 roughly. In terms of spatial distribution, the sound level of featured area is relatively high, and the sound level kept within a comfort range in plant appreciation area and waterfront area, while square was polluted almost all day by a degree of noise. The results also showed that the source, sex and age of visitors all have an important influence on the subjective evaluation of soundscape, and visitors have a high evaluation of natural sound. Finally, it pointed out that there were some problems in three urban parks, such as serious artificial sound and lack of other soundscape elements, and proposed solutions like strengthening the function of plant noise reduction, optimizing artificial sound and increasing historical and cultural sound, in order to provide higher spiritual needs for the visitors of Guiyang urban parks and provide theoretical basis for the construction of soundscape of urban parks in the future.