下岗职工的非正式社会支持与求职行为——以上海为例

Informal Social Support and Job - seeking Behaviors of the Laid-off workers

本文基于社会支持理论、系统论和充权原理,借助问卷调查资料对上海下岗职工的非正式社会支持、求职行为及其关系进行探索.研究发现：他们所得的非正式社会支持较少,某些人甚至没有任何支持.他们也较少采用市场化求职行为;在有限的求职行为中,非正式联系最多,然后是正式途径和直接申请.研究也发现：他们所得的非正式社会支持越多,此后的求职行为总体及子类都越多.研究者认为,个人传统观念、资源、竞争力、 “ 面子”意识、机构服务质量等与其非正式社会支持、求职行为及其关系特征有关.因此,积极求职、获得更多更强的非正式社会支持是下岗职工的重要任务,自身充权和强化下岗职工权能是服务机构的必要工作,政府参与和舆论导向也极其必要.

The purpose of this study was to describe the basic features of two major variables and to explore the relationship between them. The first variable is the informal social support accepted by Xiagang Zhigong （ the Laid-off workers）,the unemployed workers with Chinese characteristics. The second one is the job seeking behaviors. A questionnaire survey was used to gather data. It was found that the informal social support Xiagang Zhigong got was not sufficient and that most of them got nothing. Concerning their job seeking behaviors, informal contacts were most frequently used to find jobs, followed by formal channels through the government and direct applications for jobs by themselves.On the hypotheses, it was found that the more informal so-cial support Xiagang Zhigong obtained, the more likely they would start more job seeking behaviors. Some valuable information was found in the study.Compared with the unemployed in western countries, Xiagang Zhigong were less likely to find jobs in the market. Social support theory, systems theo-ry and empowerment were useful in explaining the relationship between infor-mal social support and job seeking behaviors of Xiagang Zhigong. Traditional value, resources, individual ability, “face” idea and the quality of service might have something to do with the features of the two variables. Finally, rec-ommendations were made for Xiagang Zhigong, service agencies and government.