足月儿及早产儿乳母不同泌乳期乳汁成分研究

Macronutrients in milk of different lactation period in mothers of full-term and premature infants

目的:分析母乳喂养的足月及早产母亲乳汁成分变化,为指导新生儿喂养提供实验依据。方法:收集2017年1月1日至2017年9月31日内蒙古包头市包钢集团第三职工医院门诊及住院产妇75人(母乳225份)并检测乳汁主要成分含量。结果:(1)早产初乳中蛋白质、乳糖、矿物质、水份、密度均高于过渡乳与成熟乳,脂肪、能量低于二者;过渡乳中蛋白质、乳糖、矿物质及密度均高于成熟乳(P <0. 01)。(2)足月初乳中蛋白质、乳糖、矿物质、密度高于过渡乳和成熟乳,但脂肪、能量低于二者;过渡乳中蛋白质、乳糖、矿物质和密度高于成熟乳(P <0. 01)。(3)成熟乳中早产组蛋白质、乳糖、矿物质、密度均较足月组高(P <0. 05)。结论:(1)足月及早产儿乳母不同泌乳期乳汁成分含量变化有其各自的特点;(2)早产成熟乳更适应早产儿的生长发育需求。

Objective： To analyze the dynamic changes of milk components in mothers of breastfed full-term and premature infants, providing experimental evidence for guiding neonatal feeding. Methods： A total of 75 people （225 human milk samples） who were eligible for inclusion criteria were selected from the outpatient and inpatient mothers in the third staff hospital of Baotou Steel Group, Inner Mongolia from January 1, 2017 to September 31, 2017. Also various nutrient contents were analyzed. Results： （1）The contents of protein, lactose, mineral, water and density of the first milk of premature babies were higher than those of the transition milk and the mature milk, the fat content and energy were lower than those of the transition milk and mature milk; the protein, lactose, mineral and density of the transition milk were higher than those of the mature milk（ P 〈0.01）.（2）The contents of protein, lactose, mineral and density of the first milk of term infants were higher than those of the transition milk and the mature milk, but the fat content and energy were lower than the transition milk and mature milk;the protein, lactose, mineral and density of the transition milk were higher than those of the mature milk（ P 〈0.01）.（3）The contents of protein, lactose, mineral and density in the mature milk of the premature infant group were higher than those of the full-term infant group（ P 〈0.05）. Conclusion： （1）The contents and changes of different lactation milk composition of full-term and preterm infants＇ mothers have their respective characteristics.（2）The mature milk of premature infants are more suitable for the growth of premature infants.