岩溶区铁路勘察防治技术研究现状及发展趋势

Research Status and Developing Trends of Reconnaissance and Control Technology of Railway in Karst Area

文章针对岩溶灾害的特性及危害形式,对岩溶区减灾选线、勘察技术、灾害风险评估及防治技术的国内外研究现状及发展趋势进行了详细的述评。得出:(1)由于高速铁路大曲线半径、高速度目标值及高轨道平顺度等技术特点,线路选线完全绕避岩溶区极为困难;(2)目前针对深埋长大隧道及厚覆盖型岩溶桥路典型岩溶地质问题研究较少,需进一步深化现代深部岩溶及其系统划分和分区的理论研究;(3)目前运用工程经济学、动力学及工程经验等选线的理论和方法较多,但基于岩溶灾害学、环境学及现代数理理论等减灾选线原则及方法的研究鲜有报道;(4)在传统勘察技术优缺点对比分析、新技术引进并消化的基础上,创建适合铁路各类工程的综合勘察模式及体系;(5)重点关注风险源致灾因子识别、指标量化及权重确定的研究,构建岩溶区灾害风险评估模型及体系。在此基础上,加强岩溶灾害防治技术的研究和应用。

Based on the characteristics and hazard forms of karst disasters, the current research status and developing trends of the disaster alleviation route selection, survey technique, disaster risk assessment and control technique in karst areas are reviewed in detail, that the results are： 1. the route selection of high-speed railway is extremely difficult to avoid karst area because of the characteristics of bigger curve radius, high-speed target value and high track smoothness of high-speed railway. 2. At present the typical karst geological problems are seldom studied on the deep seated long tunnels and thick covered karst bridge and subgrade, and further research on the modem deep karst, karstification system division and karst engineering zoning should be taken. 3. There are many theories and methods of route selection which based on the engineering economics, dynamics and engineering experience, but there are few reports on the principles and methods of disaster alleviation and route selection based on the karst disaster science, environmental science and modem mathematical theory. 4. On the basis of the comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of traditional survey technology, and the introduction and digestion of new technology in comprehensive investigation, to create a comprehensive survey model and system which are suitable for various types of projects. 5. In disaster risk assessment, to pay close attention to the mseareh of risk factors identification, index quantification and weight detemfination, to construct disaster risk assessment model and evaluation system in Karst Area. On above basis, the mseareh and application on the prevention and control technology of karst disaster are strengthened.