井冈山自然保护区井冈山杜鹃种群与群落特征研究

POPULATION AND COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS OF RHODODENDRON JINGGANGSHANICUM IN JINGGANGSHAN NATURE RESERVE

以井冈山自然保护区井冈山杜鹃群落5个样地调查资料为基础,对其种群及群落特征进行了研究。结果表明:井冈山杜鹃种群径级结构为金字塔型,生命期望值基本随径级增加而呈递减趋势,存活曲线为近直线型,空间分布格局为集群分布,种群属于增长型种群。群落有维管植物29科42属53种,其中蕨类植物5科5属5种,裸子植物2科2属2种,被子植物22科35属46种。群落区系起源古老,成分较复杂,科、属区系成分均具有明显的热带性质。群落除Pielou指数较高外,其它3种多样性指数均较低;测度井冈山杜鹃群落物种多样性时,各种多样性指数未表现出相同的变化趋势。井冈山杜鹃本身的生物学特性及其群落所处的严酷环境是导致其种群濒危的主要原因。

Based on data collected from five plots of Rhododendron jinggangshanicum in Jinggangshan Nature Reserve, the population and community characteristics were studied. Results showed that the population structure of R. jinggangshanicum was of Pyrimid type, and its life expectancy decreases step by step with increasing of diameter class. The survival curve of R. jinggangshanicum population was approximately linear, and its population distribution pattern is the clumped pattern. All these characteristics indicated R. jinggangshanicum population belonged to the growing population. There were 53 vascular plant species belonging to 42 genera and 29 families in R. jinggangshanicum community, including 5 families 5 genera, 5 species of pteridophyte, 2 families 2 genera, 2 species of gymnosperm, 22 families 35 genera, 46 species of angiosperm. The floristic origin is ancient, geographical elements is complex, and the floristic composition of family and genus have obvious tropical character. The species diversity indices of R. jinggangshanicum community were low except Pielou index, and the variation patterns of species diversity are not similar whichever the index is used. The major factors threatening the development of R. jinggangshanicum include innate biological characteristics and harsh environmental conditions in its community.