国际法院解决国际环境争端评析

Commentary and Analysis on the International Court of Justice in Solving International Environmental Disputes

全球化时代国际环境争端日益增多,成为国际社会重要的不稳定因素。国际法院作为国际社会主要的司法机构,在解决国际环境争端、维护世界秩序方面发挥了一定的作用。然而,受诸多因素影响,国际法院并没有发挥其应有的影响力,常常陷入被动状态。通过分析20世纪90年代以来的典型案例可知,国际法院存在管辖权受国家保留权的限制、主权国家不执行国际法院判决、国际法院审理不公正、司法效率低下等问题,而上述问题与国际社会解决环境争端的多种方式与司法机构的多样选择、"主权至上"原则下国际司法手段的有限性、大国政治博弈对司法公正性的影响以及国际法院自身的司法程序与效率问题等原因相关。应加强主权国家对法院的信任与利用,增强国际法院的执行力与公正性,提高国际法院解决环境争端的司法效率,以增强国际法院解决国际环境争端的效用。

The international environmental disputes have been increasing in the globalization era, and become an important unsteady factor in the international community. The International Court of Justice （ICJ） as the principal judicial organ of the international community, which has taken effect in the settlement of international environmental disputes and maintaining of world orders. However, influenced by many factors, the ICJ has not exerted its influence actively, and frequently results in a passive state. Through analyze the typical cases since the 1990s, we can find that the problems oflCJ such as the jurisdiction is restricted by the right of national reservations, the sovereign state does not enforce any judgments, the unfair trial and judicial inefficiency, the reasons of above existing problems include the mul- tiple ways in which the international community resolves environmental disputes and the various choices of judicial organs, the limitation of international judicial means under the principle of＂ Sovereignty＂, the influence of judicial justice from the political games of great powers, the judicial procedure and efficiency of ICJ and so on. We should strengthen the trust and application in sovereign states, enhance the enforcement and impartiality of ICJ, improve the judicial efficiency oflCJ in solving environmental disputes, in order to promote the effectiveness of ICJ in solving international environmental disputes.