民国时期宁波公园的平民化

Civilianization of the Parks in Ningbo During the Period of the Republic of China

平民化是近代公园的基本特征和本质属性,公园的平民化是民国时期公园建设的发展方向。对于宁波而言,民国时期公园的平民化主要体现为:将旧时象征封建权威的官府衙门改建为公园,以凸显平民的地位和价值;立足于为公众提供休闲娱乐的目的,明确公众拥有的公园性质,以使广大平民成为游园的主体;启发民智和规训民众的目的是较之休闲娱乐更为重要的,推进公园的平民化进程的思想渊源和现实需要;强调公园分布注重普遍,活动安排和设施上的贴近平民,服务和满足平民的需要。然而,此过程中尚有精英话语、政党意图和其他实际困难的交织其中,反映出公园平民化的复杂性。

Civilianization is the basic characteristic and essential attribute of modern parks. The civilianization of parks was the development direction of park construction in the period of Republic of China. For Ningbo, the civilianization of the park in the period of the Republic of China was mainly embodied in the following aspects： firstly, the government buildings, which symbolized the feudal authority, were rebuilt into parks to highlight the status and value of civilians. Secondly, based on the purpose of providing leisure and entertainment for the public, the parks served the public, so that the common people became the owners of the garden. Thirdly, the purpose of enlightening and training the people was more important than leisure and entertainment and it was the ideological origin and practical needs of promoting the parks civilianization; fourthly, to emphasize the general distribution of the parks, the arrangement of activities and the facilities was made to serve the people and meet their needs. However, in this process, there were still interweaving of elite discourse, party intentions and other practical difficulties, reflecting the complexity of the parks civilianization.