二十世纪王国维境界说的异化与再造

The Alienation and Reconstruction of Wang Guowei's Conception of "Jing-Jie"

1908年,王国维刊行《人间词话》,倡导境界说,开创中国今词学。中国今词学经历开拓期、创造期、蜕变期三个时期。王国维境界说于今词学的创造期,在意与境的评赏层面被推演为风格论,又于今词学蜕变期,在意与境的创造层面被推演为一种审美理念(aesthetic ideas),被纳入哲学、美学范畴。经过二度推演与异化,目今之所谓境界,是否仍旧是王国维所倡导之境界,值得再探论。本文拟从境界意涵及其创造过程入手,对于境界与境界说、境内之境与境外之境诸问题重新加以认识,尝试探寻王国维《人间词话》的立说原意,还境界说以本来面目,以更为恰切地把握王国维境界说在中国词学发展史上的价值与影响。

Wang Guowei published ＂Comments on Ci Poetry＂ in 1908, a milestone of the transition from traditional theory to modem theory. He advocated ＂Jing-Jie＂ and created Modem Chinese Ci Poetry. From the 20th century up to now, the development of Ci Poetry experienced three stages： expanding period, consolidating period and metamorphosis period. In the expanding period, ＂Jing-Jie＂ was deduced as a style theory; In the consolidating period, ＂Jing- Jie＂ was deduced as an aesthetic concept. Is ＂Jing-Jie＂ still the original ＂Jing-Jie＂ after two deductions and alienation？ This paper analyzed the meaning of ＂Jing-Jie＂ by re-understanding the original intention of ＂Jing-Jie＂ so as to accurately recognize the the historic position of＂Jing-Jie＂.