表贬责义的“就知道XP”构式研究

The Construction "Jiu Zhidao XP" Expressing Disparagement

"就知道XP"是现代汉语中的一种常见构式,其XP通常为名词、动词或形容词性成分。就整个构式所表达的语义而言,其具有贬责性,主要用来表达说话人对话语所指对象某种程度的不满、抱怨、责备、贬抑、嘲讽等。产生这一语义的动因,从内因上而言,"就"可以触发预设"某人对该做的事知道得少";从外因上而言,说话人的语用目的是希望话语所指对象做本应该做的事。这样,两者相互作用便产生出贬责构式义,而其中的机制就是回溯推理。

＂Jiu zhidao XP＂ is a common construction in Modern Chinese. XP is usually a noun, a verb or an adjective component. The construction expresses the meaning of disparagement, mainly about dissatisfaction, complaint, blame, deprecation and irony to some extent. The motivation of generating this meaning is that ＂jiu＂ can trigger off the presupposition of ＂somebody knows less about something that he should do＂ in the internal factor, and that the pragmatic purpose of the talker is hoping the object of the discourse does something that he should do in the external factor. Therefore, the construction generates disparagement by the interaction of the two factors, and its mechanism is abduction.