青稞芒的生物力学特性试验研究

Experimental study on biomechanical properties of highland barley awn

为提高对青稞机械化联合收获和脱粒的效率、芒草分离率和碎芒率,减少含芒率,以及提高对青稞芒做饲料用的利用率,对甘肃,青海种植较广的昆仑14号、肚里黄、北青23号3种不同品种的青稞芒进行拉伸及剪切的生物力学特性试验,得出青稞芒的弹性模量、拉伸最大力、抗拉强度、剪切最大载荷、及剪切强度等各生物力学特性参数的大小,优选出适宜机械化联合收获和脱粒的青稞品种。结果表明:昆仑14号平均弹性模量为2 037.786MPa,拉伸最大力为2.828N,抗拉强度为14.2MPa,剪切最大载荷为4.669N,剪切强度为0.030MPa。与肚里黄、北青23号相比,昆仑14号各项生物力学特性参数数值较小,适宜机械化联合收获、脱粒和碎芒,为青稞机械化联合收获、脱粒及碎芒提供技术参考。

In order to improve the efficiency of the combined harvesting and threshing of highland barley,the separation rate of awn and grass,rate of broken awn,to reduce the ratio of awn,and to improve the utilization ratio of the highland barley to feed,choosing three kinds of different varieties of highland barley awn which more widely cultivated Kunlun 14 th,Dulihuang and Beiqing 23 th in Gansu and Qinghai done tensile and shear biomechanical characteristics of the test,to obtain the sizes of the biomechanical parameters of highland barley awns such as the elastic modulus,maximum tensile force,tensile strength,maximum shear load and shear strength,the highland barley varieties suitable for mechanized joint harvesting and threshing were optimized.The results showed that the average elastic modulus of Kunlun 14 th was 2 037.786 MPa,the maximum tensile force was 2.828 N,the tensile strength was14.2 MPa,the maximum shearing load was 4.669 N,and the shear strength was 0.030 MPa.Compared with Dulihuang and Beiqing 23 th,the parameters of the biomechanical properties of Kunlun 14 th were smaller,and the mechanical joint harvesting and threshing were suitable,which provided technical reference for the combined harvesting and threshing of the Highland barley mechanization.