利妥昔单抗在血液系统疾病中的应用现状

Rituximab in treatment of hematological system disorders

利妥昔单抗是针对B细胞CD20抗原的一种人／鼠嵌合型单克隆抗体，是最早成功应用于恶性肿瘤治疗的单克隆抗体之一。近年来多项研究证实利妥昔单抗通过抗体依赖细胞毒作用、补体依赖细胞毒作用和直接诱导凋亡等使表达CD20的B淋巴细胞凋亡，再联合化疗可明显提高侵袭性淋巴瘤的治疗效果。除此之外，利妥昔单抗在原发免疫性血小板减少症、自身免疫性溶血性贫血、其他自身免疫性疾病、视神经脊髓灰质炎、干细胞移植后淋巴细胞增殖性疾病等的治疗上也发挥着越来越重要的作用。

Rituximab is a human/mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20 antigen of B cells. It is one of the earliest monoelonal antibodies successfully used in the treatment of malignant tumors. In recent years, a number of studies have shown that rituximab can induce apoptosis of CD20-expressing B lymphocytes through antibody- dependent cytotoxicity, complement- dependent cytotoxicity and direct apoptosis induction. Combined with chemotherapy, rituximab can significantly enhance the therapeutic effect on aggressive lymphoma. In addition, rituximab is also play an increasingly important role in the treatment of primary immune thromboeytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and other autoimmune diseases, neuromyelitis optiea, and lymphocytic proliferative diseases after stem cell transplantation.