榆林窟第2窟正壁文殊图像解析——西夏石窟考古与艺术研究之三

Interpreting the Image of Manjusri on the Main Wall of Cave 2 at the Yulin Grottoes——Archaeological Research of the Tangut Caves and Art(Ⅲ)

榆林窟第2窟正壁中间绘文殊变,其上方为涅槃图,两侧为救八难图。关于这些图像的组合关系,一直没有合理的解释。本文在实地考察的基础上,对图像的细节进行了一一解读,认为这些图像应是以五台山文殊为中心,将《文殊师利般涅槃经》和《文殊真实名经》的相关内容组合到一起,反映出当时文殊信仰与社会现实密切结合的历史事实。

In the center of the main wall in cave 2 of the Yulin Grottoes is an illustration of Manjusri flanked by eight scenes of Avalokitesvara rescuing people from various troubles, above which is a scene of nirvana, the combination of which has received no reasonable explanation to date. Based on field investigation, this paper interprets the details of these images one by one and comes to the conclusion that these images present a combination of episodes from the Sutra of Manjusri Nirvana and Sutra of the True Name of Manjusri and are centered on Mt. Wutai. This reflects the historical fact that Manjusri belief at that time was closely associated with social reality.