国家男子水球运动员肩关节屈伸、旋转和外展内收肌群肌力均衡性诊断研究

Assessing the Muscle Strength Balance Between Shoulder Flexors and Extensors,External Rotators and Internal Rotators,Abductors and Adductors in Elite Male Water Polo Players

目的诊断国家男子水球运动员肩关节进行屈伸、旋转以及外展内收运动时拮抗肌群离心收缩肌力与原动肌群向心收缩肌力的均衡性,预防因拮抗肌群离心收缩肌力薄弱而导致肩关节运动损伤的发生。方法采用美国产BIODEX等速肌力测试仪对22名国家男子水球运动员两侧肩关节进行屈伸、旋转和外展内收等速测试。等速向心和离心收缩测试角速度均为60°/s和240°/s。研究指标为相对峰力矩、拮抗肌群向心收缩峰力矩比值、拮抗肌群离心收缩峰力矩比值、拮抗肌群离心收缩峰力矩(60°/s)/原动肌群向心收缩峰力矩(240°/s)、同名肌群峰力矩差值百分比。结果国家男子水球运动员惯用侧肩关节屈伸肌群、旋转肌群以及外展内收肌群相对峰力矩值并不明显大于非惯用侧。在60°/s和240°/s测试下,肩关节屈伸、旋转以及外展内收测试时拮抗肌群向心收缩峰力矩比率均大于60%。肩关节等速测试时"拮抗肌群离心收缩峰力矩(60°/s)/原动肌群向心收缩峰力矩(240°/s)"均大于1。大部分两侧肩关节同名肌群峰力矩差值百分比大于10%。结论同非惯用侧相比,国家男子水球运动员惯用侧肩关节旋转肌群以及外展内收肌群的肌肉力量并不呈现主导性优势;肩关节进行屈伸、旋转以及外展内收运动时拮抗肌群离心收缩肌力与原动肌群向心收缩肌力均衡。由于专项运动的固有属性,国家男子水球运动员普遍存在两侧肩关节同名肌群肌力失衡情况。

The aim of this study was to assess the muscle strength balance between shoulder flexors and extensors,external rotators and internal rotators,abductors and adductors in elite male water polo players. Twenty-two water polo players performed concentric and eccentric strength tests of both dominant and non-dominant upper limbs on an BIODEX isokinetic dynamometer. The peak torque of shoulder flexors and extensors,rotators,abductors and adductors was assessed at 60°/s and240°/s in concentric and eccentric mode. We also calculated conventional and functional mixed balance ratio. The muscle strength of shoulder flexors and extensors,rotators,abductors and adductors at the dominant side did not show a dominant advantage. The muscle strength between eccentric contraction of antagonist and concentric contraction of agonist was balance when shoulder flexion and extension,rotation,abduction and adduction. The antagonistic muscles with strong eccentric contraction muscle strength to maintain the stability of shoulder in flexion and extension,rotation,abduction and adduction. Due to the inherent property of special sports,the asymmetry of muscle strength between the same muscle at shoulder joint in water polo athletes is common.