殷墟文化分期及相关诸问题再研究

A Renewed Study of the Phases of Yinxu Culture and Related Issues

目前,殷墟文化分期有三种体系:邹衡先生的四期七组说、安阳队原四期七段说、安阳队新洹北与殷墟两大期六小期说。安阳队将洹北与殷墟区分开来,是基于考古上洹北与小屯文化面貌的较大差异,但殷墟之命名有其文献背景,洹北能否脱离殷墟也要视此背景而定。本文将殷墟文化分为洹北期和大司空期两个阶段。对于洹北与小屯的关系,本文认为有必要立足于小屯早期遗存,探讨这类遗存与武丁迁都的关系,小屯早期遗存很可能是武丁经营小屯的直接证据。对于洹北与王陵区的关系,本文赞同安阳队最近发表的关于王陵区始建年代的论断,只是从王陵区的布局加以印证。另外,本文还讨论东部王陵区中的大墓墓主人的身份,他们应该是与商王关系密切的一部分身份特殊的王室贵族,如武官大墓可能是孝己之墓,HPKM1400可能是廪辛之墓。

About the phases of Yinxu culture, there were previously two main opinions： Zou Heng＇s four phases with seven groups and Anyang Archaeological Team＇s four phases of seven stages. Recently Anyang Archaeological Team comes up with a new opinion that distinguishes Huanbei Shang City from Yinxu based on the differences between the cultures of Huanbei Shang City and Xiaotun. However, as the naming of Yinxu culture had a solid background of literature, whether Huanbei Shang City could be separated from Yinxu culture should take into account that background. Therefore, this article divides Yinxu culture into two phases： the Huanbei phase and the Dasikong phase. The current author discusses the relationship between the early remains in Xiaotun and the historical fact of Wu Ding moving the capital, and points out those early remains should be the evidence of Wu Ding administrating Xiaotun. This article agrees with the building date of the royal cemetery proposed by Anyang Archaeological Team and explores the distribution of the tombs. Also discussed is the identities of the big tombs＇ occupants, which should have close relations with Shang kings. The occupant of the large tomb in Wuguan might be Xiao Ji and that of HPKM1400 might be Lin Xin.