冲突与缓和：从英国浸礼会看近代民教关系演变

Conflict and Detente： The Relationship Between Modern Chinese People and Christianity in the Example of British Baptists

英国浸札会自1845年入华传教后，先后在浙江、山东、山西、陕西等地传教，直至1952年方撤出中国。英国浸札会在传教活动初期，因民众对基督教的敌视及民族主义的影响，导致对基督教兴趣不大，传教效果不佳。李提摩太等传教士学习中国文化，接触其他宗教人士，逐渐融入中国社会，意图实现基督教的本土化。在义和团运动中，英国浸札会也遭到严重破坏，山西有多名传教士被杀。清末民初，随着基督教对于教育、医疗事业的重视，日渐得到民众的认同，但在1922至1927年的非基督教运动中，反教浪潮再起，浸礼会教务又受到冲击，直到南京国民政府时期才恢复正常。因西方基督教文化与中国儒家文化本质上的冲突，中国民众未能从根本上接受基督教，仍将其视为“洋教”，入教者不多，基督教所谓“中华归主”的意图更是难于实现。

Since it was introduced into China, the British Baptist Church was preached in many areas such as Zhejiang, Shandong, Shanxi and Shaanxi until it was withdrawn from China in 1952. The early period of preaching was not smooth because of Chinese people＇s nationalism and their hostility towards Christianity. In that circumstance, missionaries such as Timothy Richard started to learn Chinese culture and got in touch with religious people. They tried to fit in Chinese society and fulfill the localization of Christianity. In Yihetuan Movement, the British Baptist Church experienced a severe suffering and a number of missionaries were killed in Shanxi. Till the period between the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China, Christianity was gradually accepted by Chinese people as Christians were dedicated to education and medical treatment. However, in the Anti-Christian Movement from 1922 to 1927, the Baptist affairs were impacted and did not recover until the period of Nanjing Nationalist Government, Due to the fundamental conflict between western Christianity and Chinese traditional Confucian culture, the Christian Church was regarded as an alien religion and could be hardly accepted by Chinese people. There was only a limited number of Chinese people joined the Christian Church; the intention to Christianize China failed at last.