多发性骨髓瘤患者治疗期间真实体验的质性研究

The real experience of patients with multiple myeloma during treatment： a qualitative study

目的探究多发性骨髓瘤患者治疗期间的真实体验，为临床护理人员实施针对性护理措施和科研人员开展高证据等级的护理研究提供依据。方法应用现象学研究方法，对9例多发性骨髓瘤治疗患者进行半结构式深入访谈，采用Colaizzi 7步分析法进行资料分析。结果共提炼出三大主题不良生理体验（感觉异常、麻木、疼痛、尿失禁），积极应对（家庭支持、医疗水平日益提高，自我调节），自我感受负担（经济压力、复发周期短、心理负担过重）。结论多发性骨髓瘤治疗存在诸多不良反应，患者承受过多的心理负担，医护人员需及时评估，加强症状管理，提供全面信息支持，分析患者自我感受负担成因，提出针对性干预措施，构建延续性照护体系，改善患者治疗体验。

Objective To explore the real experience during treatment of patients with multiple myeloma, so as to provide evidences for clinical nursing staff to implement targeted nursing measures and to carry out research on nursing staff of high evidence level. Methods Using phenomenological methods, nine cases of patients with multiple myeloma conducted semi-structured and in-depth interviews and then using Colaizzi 7-step for analysis. Results Three major topics were extracted： poor physiological experience （feeling abnormal, numbness, pain, urinary incontinence）, positive response （family support, Increased medical standards, self-regulation）, self-perceived burden （economic stress, short cycle of relapse, psychological burden）. Conclusion Treatment of multiple myeloma have many adverse reactions, and patients bear too much psychological burden. Medical staff need to be evaluated in a timely manner, strengthen symptom management, provide comprehensive information support, analysis of patient self-perception burden causes, propose targeted interventions, and build continuation care system to improve patient treatment experience.