基于大数据的北京空间构成与功能区位研究

A STUDY ON SPATIAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONAL LOCATION BASED ON BIG DATA

大数据时代为研究城市空间形态与其功能的互动提供了新视角。本文以北京为案例,首先分析了百度地图中城市网络的空间构成,即个体空间之间的复杂关联,并根据功能分类,分析了百度的兴趣点的聚集模式。其次,重点研究了城市空间构成的模式与功能聚集模式之间统计意义上的相关性。基于此,本文认为不同的功能根据其规模大小、消费或服务人群、文化或品牌、运作方式等方面,采取不同的空间构成方式,并选择了不同空间区位,体现在不同的尺度上。

The availability of big data provides a new angle on investigating whether, and if so, how far urban spatial morphology intrinsically interacts with its functions. This article, using a pilot study of the Beijing city, first seeks to explore spatial configuration - the complex relation between any pair of individual spaces regarding other contextual spaces - of urban network collected from Baidu, and the aggregation patterns of Baidu＇s POI （Point of Interest） regarding functional classification. And then, it focuses the attention on conducting a statistical correlation between the configurational patterns of urban network and the aggregation patterns of functions. Based on these studies, it argues that different functional points, according to their scales, client groups, cultures, and management perspectives, adopt and adapt the differently structured layouts and meanwhile seek the differently valued locations at different radii.