美国百年职业教育的三次改革浪潮

On the Three Reform Waves During the One Hundred Years of American Vocational Education

现代职业教育的现代性内涵该如何理解、又何以可能,这是关乎以怎样的价值取向来推动职业教育改革的一个关键性问题。自1917年《史密斯·休斯法案》颁布以来,美国职业教育在百年发展中历经了三次大规模改革浪潮的洗礼。三次改革分别以职业教育规模和影响范围的集中扩张、职业教育过程模式的优化创新、现代生涯与技术教育体系的构建为关注焦点,渐进地朝着整全与嵌接、开放与共生的方向发展,开拓了职业教育从固守无能和狭隘的传统形象向灵活能动的现代生涯与技术教育的转型之路。

How to comprehend and achieve the modem connotation of modem voca- tional education is a key issue which relates with by what kind of value orientation to pro- mote the vocational education reform. Since the enactment of the Smith-Hughes-Act of 1917, American vocational education has undergone three large waves of reform baptism during the one hundred years development. The three reform waves respectively focused on the concentrated expansion of vocational education scale and influence, the optimization and innovation of vocational education process model, the construction of modem career and technical education system, and have incrementally explored the transformational road of vocational education from the traditional image of clinging to insularity and incompetence to the flexible and active modem career and technical education in the direction of integrat- ed, embedded, open and symbiotic development.