英国海洋小说中的海盗书写与重构

On the Writing and Reconstruction of Pirates in British Sea Fiction

英国海洋小说是英国文学的重要文类。大约自16世纪起英国人就开始向外征伐,扩张本国版图,因此,海盗及海盗式的海上冒险经历成为无数英国海洋小说的重要主题。然而,国内外学者很少关注英国海洋小说所塑造的一系列鲜活的海盗形象,同时忽视其幽深的历史和文化内涵。本文认为英国海洋小说的海盗书写经历了英雄化和浪漫化书写到妖魔化书写,再到人性化重构的演变过程。这种演变同英国的政治、经济和文化等密切关联,印证了文学、文化和历史相互生成的新历史主义观点。本文将挖掘英国海洋小说文本与历史和文化传统的关联,探究英国海洋小说与文本历史性的关系。

English sea fiction is an important genres of English literature. From about 16th century, British people began the expansion abroad, so the adventure of pirates and pirate style became an important theme in many fictions. However, scholars at home and aboard seldom pay attention to the lively images of pirates in the fiction, and neglect the deep historical and cultural connotation. The paper argues that the writing of pirates evolves from heroization and romanticization to demonization, and then to humanization. The evolution is closely related with politics, economy and culture at the time, and at the same time proves the mutual effect among literature, culture and history. With the application of new historicism the paper will probe into the connection between the text and historical/cultural tradition, and explore the relationship between English sea fiction and text historicity.