1950—2016年我国煤矿特大事故统计分析

Statistics Analysis of Extra Serious Coal Mine Accidents from 1950 to 2016 in China

收集整理了1950—2016年我国煤矿发生的特大事故,从时间、地域、经济类型、事故类别角度进行分类统计,并以特大事故发生的影响因素为基础展开分析和讨论。统计得,1950—2016年我国共发生煤矿特大事故294起、死亡16 223人。1958—1962、1973—1981、1985—2010年,5、11、12月是特大事故多发的历史时期和月份。1950—2016年,山西、河南、黑龙江3省特大事故共计发生108起最为严重,国有矿井的特大事故起数和死亡人数显著高于其他所有制矿井占比约65%。瓦斯(煤尘)爆炸事故起数达其它类型事故起数的7倍以上,是特大事故的绝对主体。此外,产量、安全投入分别与特大事故发生率呈正、负相关,危险源特性对煤矿特大事故的发生起决定作用。

We collected and sorted out the extra serious accidents of coal mines from 1950 to 2016, carried out classified statistics from the perspectives of time, region, economic type and accident type, and analyzed and discussed accident types on the basis of influencing factors of major accidents. Statistics shows that a total of 294 major coal mine accidents occurred in China and killing16,223 people from 1950 to 2016. From 1958 to 1962, 1973 to 1981, 1985 to 2010, and May, November and December were the historical periods and months for the occurrence of major accidents. A total of 108 major coal mine accidents occurred in Shanxi,Henan and Heilongjiang provinces from 1950 to 2016, and the numbers of the extra serious accidents and deaths in state-owned mines was obviously higher than that of other ownership mines, accounting for about 65%. Gas（coal dust） explosions were up to 7 times more than other types of accidents, which is the absolute subject of accidents. In addition, production and safety investment are positively and negatively correlated with the incidence of major accidents respectively, and the characteristics of hazard sources play a decisive role in the occurrence of extra serious accidents.