诠释学与人类精神的永恒——对阿尔克迈之谜的解答

Hermeneutics and the Eternity of Human Mind——To Solve Alcmeon Enigma: Why Human Beings Are Going towards Doom?

精神的永恒或不朽是人类自古以来一直探讨的问题。古希腊阿尔克迈把人类的毁灭归之于人不能把终点与起点联结起来，对于解决此问题的途径，柏拉图求之于灵魂不灭，为宗教信仰打下基础，之后由于历史观念的出现，人们又以种族延续来继承个体灵魂不灭思想。在近代西方哲学中，斯宾诺莎、黑格尔、狄尔泰等都对精神的永恒性作出过自己的阐发。但真正解决此问题的应是人类精神或观念的不断传承和提升。伽达默尔以效果历史概念代替海德格尔的天命或命运概念，以有限的历史性存在去应对无限的天命存在，认为人能从历史中汲取认识并为其自我理解指定方向，“处于传统之中”表现了真理的源泉。春秋时鲁国大夫孙叔豹称“立德、立功、立言”为三不朽，而德、功和言真正能达到永恒和不朽，唯在于后人对它们的不断传承和诠释。诠释学正是在这里强调传统的继承就在于不断诠释和创新，古代与现代、陌生性与熟悉性不断中介和综合，乃是人类精神永恒的唯一途径。

The eternity or immortality has been the human issue probed since ancient time. In ancient Greece, Alcmeon concluded that the doom was resulted for the humans could not make the end and the start connected, thus pointed out the essential route to solve this problem. When Plato pursued the immortal soul, the foundation was laid for religious belief. Later, people pursued for the eternity of ethics, the human history was coming into being. Nevertheless, the real way to solve this problem is to inherit and improve human mind or their conception. As early in the twenty-fourth year of Duke Lu Xianggong, Mu Shu, in answering Fan Xuanzi, said that the eternity was laid in ＂setting up virtuous example, providing meritorious service, and expounding ideas in writing＂. The true eternity and immortality of these three can be realized only by continuous inheritance and hermeneutics. Here hermeneutics is exactly emphasizing that the inheritance of tradition means continuous explanation and innovation, and the mediation and comprehension of the ancient and the modern, and of the alienation and the familiarity, constitute the only route for the eternity of human mind.