代际与阶级:青年形象的理论坐标

Intergeneration and Class: Theoretical Coordinates of Youth Image

五四新文学以来的青年形象解读有两种话语体系：青年话语和阶级话语。青年话语的前提是青年与老人之间的代际关系，强调青年的活力、勇敢与创新；阶级话语强调的是各个阶级共同体在经济和权力结构之中的不同位置。事实上，代际的生物关系时常通过社会关系起作用，阶级构成了社会关系的主要解释。五四新文学以来青年形象在阶级话语之中通常被定位为“小资产阶级”。20世纪50年代之后，青年话语与阶级话语的转换形成各种特殊的文学批评事件。80年代之后，青年话语与阶级话语各种比例的汇合构成复杂的、富有弹性的分析模式。消费社会的出现造就了中产阶级的青年形象。中产阶级与青年话语如何结合是未来的理论课题。

The paper explores two discourse systems for the interpretation of youth images since the May Fourth New Literature Movement： youth discourse and class discourse. The premise of youth discourse is the intergenerational relationship between the youth and the elderly, which emphasizes the vitality, courage and innovation of the youth. However, the class discourse emphasizes the different positions of the various class communities within the economic and power structure. Actually, intergenerational biological relationships often work through social relationships, and classes constitute the main interpretation of social relations. Since the May Fourth New Literature Movement, the image of youth has often been positioned as ＂petty bourgeoisie＂ in class discourse. After the 1950s, the transformation of youth discourse and class discourse formed various special literary criticism events. After the 1980s, the convergence of various elements of youth discourse and class discourse constitutes a complex and flexible analytical model. The emergence of a consumer society has created a youth image of the middle class. How the middle class and the youth discourse are combined is the theoretical subject for the future.