沈阳市城区绿地生态系统服务价值的时空变化

Spatio-temporal dynamics of ecosystem service value of green land in Shenyang,Northeast China

城市绿地是城市自然生态系统的组成部分,具有十分重要的生态服务功能.基于沈阳市城区2005、2010和2015年3期土地利用数据,参照中国生态系统单位面积生态服务价值当量,计算沈阳市绿地系统生态服务价值,分析其时空变化特征及变化速率.结果表明:研究期间,沈阳市耕地面积降低最明显,2005—2010和2010—2015年的降幅分别达3.5%、10.9%;林地面积增加幅度较小,草地面积的增幅达17.2%.2005—2010年,沈阳绿地生态系统服务价值从2005年的11.76亿元增加至2010年的23.48亿元,然后下降至2015年的11.29亿元.各行政区绿地生态系统服务价值年变化存在显著差异,于洪区、沈北新区以及和平区变化最显著,变异系数分别达到64.9%、60.4%和40.8%,不同行政区绿地生态系统服务价值也存在显著差异,皇姑区、棋盘山区和东陵区地均生态系统服务价值较高.研究区土壤保持功能的服务价值最高,占总服务价值的15%以上.研究期间,粮食生产功能的服务价值降低最明显,城市扩张和农业用地转变以及城市公园绿地的建设是绿地生态系统服务价值变化的主要因素.

Urban green land is an important component of urban natural ecosystems,with critical ecosystem service functions. Based on the land use data of Shenyang in 2005,2010 and 2015,this study estimated ecosystem service value（ ESV） according to ＂equivalent value per unit area of ecosystem services for various ecosystems in China＂ and then analyzed its spatio-temporal characteristics and change rate. The results showed that arable land area significantly reduced by 3.5% from 2005 to 2010 and 10.9% from 2010 to 2015,respectively. Wood land area increased slightly,and the area of meadow increased by 17. 2%. The ESV of green land in Shenyang increased from 11.76×10^8 yuan in 2005 to 23. 48 × 10^8 yuan in 2010,and then decreased to 11. 29 × 10^8 yuan in 2015. The annual change of ESV showed significant difference among different districts,with the highest occurring in Yuhong,Shenbei and Heping districts. The coefficient of variation（ CV） was 64.9%,60.4% and 40.8%,respectively. The ESV of green land varied significantly among different districts,with higher values occurring in Huanggu,Shenbei and Dongling districts. Soil conservation function had the highest ESV,accounting for 15% of the total ESV. The food production function had the lowest ESV. The changes of ESV in Shenyang might be attributed to the urban expansion,agricultural land conversion,and green space construction.