木蜂的访花行为和传粉作用

Foraging behavior and pollination of carpenter bees Xylocopa spp.(Hymenoptera:Apidae)

木蜂作为蜜蜂科的重要类群,是热带和亚热带地区显花植物常见的传粉者.木蜂具有访花的季节时间长、访花植物种类多、能耐高温或低光照、能嗡声传粉等特点.这些访花特点是木蜂作为热带植物、尤其是温室作物、夜间开花植物和部分茄属植物的重要传粉者.近年来国外已经证明木蜂能有效为蓝莓、西番莲、荷包豆、温室西红柿和温室甜瓜授粉,但我国有关木蜂为多数农作物传粉的重要性和有效性的证据较少.本文综述了近年来木蜂的访花行为和传粉作用的研究进展,为进一步保护、管理和利用木蜂资源提供理论依据.

Large carpenter bees（ the genus Xylocopa）,as an important group of bees（ Apidae）,are common visitors to flowering plants in tropics and subtropics. Their foraging behavior is characterized by long season of activity,high diversity of foraging plants,tolerance of high temperatures,activity under low illumination levels,and buzz pollination. These traits make them to be attractive pollinators for agricultural pollination in hot climates,especially in greenhouses,night-blooming plants,and some Solanum. In recent years,large carpenter bees have been demonstrated have efficient pollination service in blueberries,passion flower,runner bean,greenhouse tomatoes and greenhouse melons in foreign countries. However,evidence for their importance and effectiveness as crop pollinators is lacking for most plant species in China. This article reviewed the research progress on foraging behavior and pollination of Xylocopa,with the aim to provide a theoretical basis for the conservation management and utilization of large carpenter bees.