货车车轮与重载固定辙叉弹塑性接触分析

Analysis of Elastoplastic Contact Between Wagon Wheel and Fixed Frog on Heavy Haul Railway

针对大秦重载铁路固定型辙叉磨耗严重问题,建立标准和磨耗后货车车轮型面分别与标准和磨耗后辙叉型面匹配的三维弹塑性接触有限元模型,对每种轮叉匹配形式的接触斑形状与面积、接触轨迹以及等效应力进行分析。结果表明:车轮与辙叉的不同位置接触时,等效应力均超过材料的屈服极限,进入塑性变形阶段;与其他匹配形式相比较,磨耗车轮与磨耗辙叉匹配时,接触斑形状的长短轴之比较小,接触斑面积较大,最大等效应力较小,为较理想的型面匹配形式,可延缓辙叉的磨耗。

For the serious wear of the fixed frog used in Datong-Qinhuangdao heavy haul railway,the three dimensional elastoplastic contact finite element models were established, in which the standard and worn profiles of wagon wheel and standard and worn profiles of fixed frog were matched respectly.For each matching,t he contact spot shape and area,contact trace and equivalent stress were analyzed. The results are as follows. When wheel contacts with frog at different positions,the equivalent stresses all exceed the yield limit of the material,and the wheel and frog enter the plastic deformation stage.Compared with other matching forms,when the worn wheel matches with worn frog,the ratio of the long axis to the short axis of the contact spot is less,the contact area is larger,a nd the maximum equivalent stress is smaller.This matching form is more ideal and it could decreases the wear of the frog.